Method of producing solvents and emulsifying agents



Patented so, 12, 1933 METHOD OF PRUDIUCHNG SOLVENTS AND EMULSHFYINGAGENTS I Mendel Burak, Berlin-Weissensee, Germany No Drawing.Application June 4, 1930, Serial No. 459,251, and in Germany June '7,1929 9 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method of producing solvents andemulsifying agents for fatty substances of every description, mineraloils and the like, solvent-soaps, boring oils, means for fightingnoxious animals, seed preparations, and consists in adding olein to amixture of soaps or soap substitutes, suchas the salts of aromatic andhydroaromatic sulfo acids, and higher molecular alcohols such ascyclohexanol or its homologues to the substances to be emulsifled ordissolved with water" to an unrestricted extent, whereby the amount ofolein does not exceed 20 percent and the amount of cyclohexanol does notexceed 8 per cent of the organic compound to be emulsified or dissolved.

The use of olein and other fatty acids for producing emulsions is knownto the prior art f. i. the compounds to be emulsified such ashydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, mineral oils a. s. o. aremixed'with olein and an amount of alcali lye not sufiicient to saponifythe fatty acid. So prepared emulsions in this manner are not stable andnot clearlysoluble in water. If emulsions of this class are added tosoaps, the latter I tendto become rancid and speckled, owing to thepresence of larger'amounts of free fatty acids. Boring and cutting oilsprepared with oleic acid and other fatty'acids disclose similarproperties and thus often causeiron parts treated with them to rustreadily. Moreover, the stability of the emulsions of this kind isnot:very great.

The employment of alcohols having a high molecularweight leads to morestable emulsions. Such alcohols as f. i. cyclohexanol and thehornologues of cyclohexanol have an extraordinary highemulsifyingjvalour, but possess the inconvenience of an unpleasant odourwhich renders them unsuitable when used in connection with soaps, unlessthey are employed in no higher percentage than 8 per cent calculated onthe compounds to be emulsified, viz dissolved to a transparent solutionwith water.

The surprising fact has been discovered now that, if olein be added tothe mixtures of soaps or soaps substituents and higher molecularalcohols such as cyclohexanol or homologues of cyclohexanol, theemulsifying and fat-dissolving action of this new combination isconsiderably higher than could be expected in view of the action of thevarious constituents, as indicated by the following experiments:

Experiment I.-30 parts of potash soap will dissolve 3 parts of Vaselineoil.

30 parts of potash soap and 7 parts of olein will dissolve 20 parts ofVaseline oil.

30 partsof potash soap and 2 parts of cyclohexanol will dissolve 5 partsof Vaseline oil.

But 30 parts of potash soap, 7 parts of olein and 2 parts ofcyclohexanol will clearly dissolve 32 parts of Vaseline oil, whichrepresents an excess of 52% compared with the additive eifect of theindividual components.

Experiment II.30 parts of soap will dissolve 3 partsvaseline oil.

30 parts of soap and 5 parts of olein will dissolve 10 parts of Vaselineoil.

30 parts of soap and 2 parts of cyclohexanol will dissolve 5 parts'oiVaseline oil.

But 30 parts of soap, 2 parts of cyclohexanol and 5. parts of olein willdissolve 20 parts of Vaseline oil, which is equal to an excess of 90%over the efiect to be expected.

Therefore, in order to. emulsify or dissolve a certain amount of fattyacids hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, pyridin,decahydronaphthalene, oil of turpentine or mineral oils, a much smallerquantity of alcohol as well as olein is required. This means that theproducts made by means of such a combination are free from theunpleasant odor which is unavoidable if alcohol alone is used.

Another unexpected superior feature of products prepared as described isthat the injurious eifects of free fatty acid, which cause metal partsto become rusty and soap to get rancid, are no longer apparent.

Furthermore, the method described is more economical, since lesserquantities of expensive emulsifiers such as olein, alcohol and the likeare needed;

Instead of soap, substitutes'thereof such as the salts of sulfo acids,aromatic and hydroaromatic ones, or mixtures thereof with soap may beemployed.

Example 1.-35 parts of a commercial soft soap are dissolved as usual inwater or spirit and, under constant stirring, mixed with 30 parts ofspindle oil, 10 parts of decahydronaphthalene and parts of oil ofturpentine, whereupon 8 parts of olein and 1 part higher alcohols, suchas cyclohexanol, are added. The resulting emulsion is absolutely clearand can be mixed with any proportion. with water to a transparentsolution.

Example 2.32 parts of soft soap are mixed with organic compoundsinsoluble in water such as oil of turpentine, heavy petrol, spindle oil,trichlorethylene, carbon disulfide, pyridin, fish oil and thelike,whereupon 6 parts of olein and 2 parts higher alcohols such as methyltheagent or afterwards.

hexalin are added. If this emulsi'on is mixed with water it results atransparent solution.

Emample 3. parts of olein are mixed with 62 parts of insoluble organiccompounds of the kind mentioned in Example 2, whereupon 2 parts ofcyclohexanol and 1 part of methylcyclohexanol are added and the mixtureis saponified with a sufficient amount of potashlye wherein 5 parts of ahydroaromatic sulfonate are dissolved so as to leave an excess of 6parts of free olein. If

this emulsion is mixed with water it results in a transparent solution.I

It is to be understood that the proportions indicated for the respectiveconstituents are only given by Way of example and I. do not desire tolimit myself to the exact proportions above specified. Also nolimitations are made as to the character of organic compounds to berendered into a transparent water-solution, viz.'emu sion. The kind ofsoaps or soap substituents entering the combination is not limited. Itis also admissible insteadof using ready soaps, to saponify fatty acidsduring themixing process of The order in which the different ingredientsare mixed according to the examples can naturally be changed. While Zhave described my invention by reference to certain specific details, itis to be understood that these are for a purpose of illustrating thepractice of the invention and are not limitative, and I intend to claimall inherent novelty as broadly as the prior art permits.

I claim:

1. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of soap and cyclohexanol wherebytlie amount of oleindoes not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of cyclohexanol does notexceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound. I

2. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of a soap substituent and cyclohexanol whereby theamount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount ofcyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organicliquid compound.

3. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of soap and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby theamount of oleindoes not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of thehomologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight ofthe organic liquid compound.

4. Method to render, water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of a soap substituent and a homologue of cyclohexanolwhereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amountof the homologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of theweight of the organic liquid compound.

' 5.Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinanda combination of soap, a soap substituent and cyclohexanol, wherebythe amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount ofcyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight ofthe organicliquid compound.

6. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unre stricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of soap, a soap substituent and a homologue ofcyclohexanol, whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per centand the amount of the homologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 percent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

7. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of soap, cyclohexonal and a homologue of cyclohexanolwhereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amountof the cyclohexanols together does not exceed 8 per cent of the weightof the organic liquid compound.

I 8. Method to'render water'insoluble organic liquid compounds solublein water to an unrestricted extent by addingan agent consisting of oleinand a combination of a soap substituent,

cyclohexanol and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby the amount of oleindoes not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the cyclohexanols togetherdoes not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

9. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble inwater to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of oleinand a combination of soap, soap substitu-

